A refugee, according to the UN Refugee Agency, is someone who is unable to return to their native country in fear of persecution. Reasons for this persecution include: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. An example of a refugee would be a Polish man who fled to America or neighbouring European countries to escape the Holocaust during World War II. The man, having affiliation with a particular religion that was being persecuted, cannot return home to his native country out of fear and hence is regarded as a refugee.
This term has a different meaning in We Refugees, a literary piece written by Hannah Arendt. She states that a refugee is someone who seeks refuge due to a crime committed or erratic opinion held. Arendt uses this definition to show the innocence of the Jews. She states that the Jews had to seek refuge despite committing no criminal acts or having any radical opinions. The Jews, therefor, needed a revised definition of the term ‘refugee’. According to Arendt this definition will have to be better suited to their situation. Henceforth, a refugee is someone in a new country with no way of helping themselves and seeks aid from Refugee Committees. For Arendt, this meaning erases the negative connotations of the term for the Jews. Instead, it gives the impression that they fled on their own accord and not because of war. For this reason Arendt rarely uses the word ‘refugees’. Rather, she refers to herself and the Jews as ‘optimists’. Ardent acknowledges a certain hostility associated with the term. She explains that the title reminds the Jews of the true reason why they had to flee their homes.
I admire Arendt’s explanation of the term and how it holds more meaning to the Jews than a simple title. She explains that for the Jews being regular immigrants helps them in forgetting the war. At, first I regarded this as a way of erasing their identity. However, the title ‘refugee’ associates the Jews with their past. It also places them in a category separate from the citizens of that foreign country. This allows for them to feel ostracised. This interpretation allowed me to understand why being seen as a refugee was daunting for the Jews. And had me questioning if other refugees felt the same way.
Works Cited
Ardent, Hannah. “We Refugees.” Altogether Elsewhere: Writers on Exile, edited by Marc Robinson, Faber & Faber, 1994, pp. 110–116.
Arendt, Hannah. "We Refugees" Altogether Elsewhere: Writers o Exile. ed. Marc Robinson. 110-116. Boston: Faber and Faber, 1994.
Hi Tyeece,
First, please go to the writing center. Several times in class I explained how to properly format articles and books. Also when you paraphrase information from the UNHCR, (I assume that is what you meant by the “UN Refugee Agency,” you have to show where you got the information – whether it is on a website, in an article or quoted from another author who used that information in her or his book.) And then when you begin to explain how the term operated in the Arendt article, you have to give some context – in this case that she was referring the the experience of Jews who had fled persecution during and after WWII, and give some genealogy of the term – meaning that it refers to a critical mass of migration fleeing persecution and violence that was a different paradigm from the way it was used before in historical texts. And then, what was Arendt’s intent in writing about the psyche of refugees? You mention optimism, but she used that term to give insight into despair, feeling imprisoned in the expectations of the host country, stigmatized by the term and cut off from the past. This keyword essay skims the words in the article but doesn’t convey the crux of the argument she wanted to make about refugees — the keyword essay has to convey the insight of the author.